高级磁盘管理04 — RAID5实验
陸風睿
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1491 字
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32 分钟

前言

本章，您将学习 RAID 5 的操作知识。

回顾下前面的知识：

  • 需要的磁盘数量：至少三块硬盘（n≥3）
  • 可用容量：总磁盘容量的 （s-1）/s
  • 读写性能：中
  • 冗余备份：有
  • 经济成本：中

它的特点是将数据通过奇偶校验信息保存到不同的硬盘设备上，这样的好处是其中任何一块硬盘坏掉后，都能通过算法将数据还原回来。

使用的算法为 简单异或逻辑运算（即相同为0，相异为1）

Q：什么是简单异或逻辑算法？

即通过算法计算后，相同值算出来的结果为 0 ，不同值算出来的结果为 1 。如下表所示：

A 值 B 值 结果
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

比如说您当前拥有四块硬盘且组建了 RAID 5，假设某个位置的数据丢失了，可以通过异或逻辑算法知道它的值。

硬盘 A 硬盘 B 硬盘 C 损坏的硬盘 D
0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1

实验要求：

  1. 准备四块硬盘，其中三块磁盘组建 RAID 5，另外一块磁盘为热备盘
  2. 模拟 RAID 5 中的磁盘故障，并使用热备盘自动完成故障顶替
  3. 停止阵列，然后重新激活阵列
  4. 扩展 RAID 5 阵列的设备数，将现有的三块磁盘扩展到四块磁盘

准备工作

开机状态下添加四块 20GB 的机械硬盘：

Shell > lsblk -o NAME,TYPE,SIZE,UUID
NAME   TYPE  SIZE UUID
sda    disk   50G
├─sda1 part    1G 8a77104f-8e6c-459c-93bc-0b00a52fb34b
├─sda2 part   47G ae2f3495-1d6a-4da3-afd2-05c549e55322
└─sda3 part    2G 1646e0aa-af19-4282-bbab-219c31a2ab6d
sdb    disk   20G
sdc    disk   20G
sdd    disk   20G
sde    disk   20G
sr0    rom  13.2G 2024-05-27-14-12-59-00

分区操作：

# 分区
Shell > parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

# 分区
Shell > parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

# 分区
Shell > parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

# 分区
Shell > parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sde
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

接着对这些磁盘的分区进行格式化：

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: da16c187-9339-41c9-9156-21e6db3ff5cb
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 0fc2708e-d464-42fb-910d-8c97b0fc3bdd
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdd1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: f37ede62-5509-4da0-8b1d-692a8c01bd07
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sde1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: e1558db8-f1de-417a-b4ab-de436a0ef3e8
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Shell > lsblk -o NAME,TYPE,SIZE,UUID
NAME   TYPE  SIZE UUID
sda    disk   50G
├─sda1 part    1G 8a77104f-8e6c-459c-93bc-0b00a52fb34b
├─sda2 part   47G ae2f3495-1d6a-4da3-afd2-05c549e55322
└─sda3 part    2G 1646e0aa-af19-4282-bbab-219c31a2ab6d
sdb    disk   20G
└─sdb1 part   20G da16c187-9339-41c9-9156-21e6db3ff5cb
sdc    disk   20G
└─sdc1 part   20G 0fc2708e-d464-42fb-910d-8c97b0fc3bdd
sdd    disk   20G
└─sdd1 part   20G f37ede62-5509-4da0-8b1d-692a8c01bd07
sde    disk   20G
└─sde1 part   20G e1558db8-f1de-417a-b4ab-de436a0ef3e8
sr0    rom  13.2G 2024-05-27-14-12-59-00

组建 RAID 5

# -C 创建 RAID；-v 显示详细信息；-l 选择 RAID 级别；-n 指定组建的磁盘数（分区数）；-x 指定备用盘数量；-c 指定 chunk 的大小，即 32KB
Shell > mdadm -C -v /dev/md5 -l raid5 -n 3 -x 1 -c 32 /dev/sd{b,c,d,e}1
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
       size=20969472K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sdc1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
       size=20969472K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sdd1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
       size=20969472K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: /dev/sde1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
       size=20969472K  mtime=Thu Jan  1 08:00:00 1970
mdadm: size set to 20952064K
Continue creating array? yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.

查询 RAID 的信息：

Shell > mdadm -Ds
ARRAY /dev/md5 metadata=1.2 spares=2 UUID=055a5edd:17fb8759:00ab6da3:9c386ee4

# chunk 大小为 32KB，sdb1、sdc1、sdd1 都是组建 RAID 5 的设备；sde1 是热备盘
Shell > mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri May 30 21:09:25 2025
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 41904128 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 20952064 (19.98 GiB 21.45 GB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri May 30 21:11:10 2025
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 4
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 32K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : HOME01:5  (local to host HOME01)
              UUID : 055a5edd:17fb8759:00ab6da3:9c386ee4
            Events : 18

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       17        0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       4       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1

       3       8       65        -      spare   /dev/sde1

Shell > cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sde1[3](S) sdc1[1] sdb1[0]
      41904128 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

unused devices: <none>

生成配置文件

Shell > mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf

使用 RAID5

Shell > parted /dev/md5
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/md5
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: Linux Software RAID Array (md)
Disk /dev/md5: 42.9GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  42.9GB  42.9GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/md5p1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 10475520 4k blocks and 2621440 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (65536 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Shell > mkdir /raid5

# 临时挂载
Shell > mount -t ext4 /dev/md5p1 /raid5/

# 三块 20G 磁盘组建 RAID5，则可用容量为总容量的 2/3，即 40G
Shell > df -hT
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
...
/dev/md5p1     ext4       40G   24K   38G   1% /raid5

若您需要让挂载永久生效，则可以写入到 /etc/fstab 文件：

/dev/md5p1   /raid5    ext4   defaults    0   4

Q：什么情况下需要生成配置文件？

当状态发生了变化（比如硬盘的数量变化、硬盘状态变化、阵列状态变化等），就需要重新生成配置文件。

模拟 RAID 5 故障

同样开启两个 SSH 窗口：

# 第一个窗口
Shell > watch -n 1 cat /proc/mdstat

# 第二个窗口
## -f 选项表示将 RAID5 当中的指定设备标记为 faulty，这里标记的是 sdb1 这个设备
Shell > mdadm -f /dev/md5 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: set /dev/sdb1 faulty in /dev/md5

第一个窗口会呈现这样的效果：

Every 1.0s: cat /proc/mdstat                                                            HOME01: Fri May 30 21:14:27 2025
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sde1[3] sdc1[1] sdb1[0](F)
      41904128 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [_UU]
      [>....................]  recovery =  4.8% (1009152/20952064) finish=1.6min speed=201830K/sec

unused devices: <none>

如您所见，sdb1 状态为 "(F)"，表示这是一块坏掉的盘，下面的进度条显示正在还原数据的过程。

直到 100% 结束：

Every 1.0s: cat /proc/mdstat                                                            HOME01: Fri May 30 21:16:40 2025
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdd1[4] sde1[3] sdc1[1] sdb1[0](F)
      41904128 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 32k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]

unused devices: <none>

移除故障盘

坏掉的故障盘在服务器上最直观的显示就是信号灯不再亮起，因为服务器通常都支持「热插拔」技术，所以在不关机的情况下可以执行以下操作：

Shell > mdadm -r /dev/md5 /dev/sdb1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb1 from /dev/md5

重新生成配置文件:

Shell > mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf

新添加两块热备盘

因为服务器通常都支持「热插拔」技术，所以管理员此时可以物理取下服务器上坏掉的硬盘，并同时换上新的两块热备盘：

# 假设您在 Vmware Workstation 那边添加了两块新硬盘并移除了那块 20G 的故障硬盘

# 两块新的热备盘被识别为 sdf 和 sdg
Shell > lsblk -o NAME,TYPE,SIZE,UUID
NAME        TYPE   SIZE UUID
sda         disk    50G
├─sda1      part     1G 8a77104f-8e6c-459c-93bc-0b00a52fb34b
├─sda2      part    47G ae2f3495-1d6a-4da3-afd2-05c549e55322
└─sda3      part     2G 1646e0aa-af19-4282-bbab-219c31a2ab6d
sdc         disk    20G
└─sdc1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sdd         disk    20G
└─sdd1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sde         disk    20G
└─sde1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sdf         disk    20G
sdg         disk    20G
sr0         rom   13.2G 2024-05-27-14-12-59-00

还是一样的分区与格式化：

Shell > parted /dev/sdf
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdf
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdf: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

Shell > parted /dev/sdg
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdg
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdg: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdf1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 3800c831-7fd9-45b4-9662-4f9ed13ba51e
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdg1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 47c84399-cb80-4e73-bf05-66beac9a744f
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

添加两块硬盘作为备用盘：

Shell > mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sd{f,g}1
mdadm: added /dev/sdf1
mdadm: added /dev/sdg1

# 生成配置文件
Shell > mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf

Shell > mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri May 30 21:09:25 2025
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 41904128 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 20952064 (19.98 GiB 21.45 GB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 5
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri May 30 21:24:49 2025
             State : clean
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 5
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 2

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 32K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : HOME01:5  (local to host HOME01)
              UUID : 055a5edd:17fb8759:00ab6da3:9c386ee4
            Events : 46

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       65        0      active sync   /dev/sde1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       4       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1

       5       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
       6       8       97        -      spare   /dev/sdg1

停止与激活阵列

# 停止阵列
## 在停止之前需要生成配置文件以及卸载（umount）
Shell > umount /raid5
Shell > mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf
Shell > mdadm -S /dev/md5
mdadm: stopped /dev/md5

# 激活阵列，激活阵列时需要读配置文件
Shell > mdadm -As
mdadm: /dev/md5 has been started with 3 drives and 2 spares.
## 重新挂载后进行使用
Shell > mount -t ext4 /dev/md5p1 /raid5

扩展硬盘数组建 RAID 5

Q：上面例子使用的是三块硬盘组建 RAID 5，能扩展一块硬盘即四块硬盘组成 RAID 5 吗？

可以，需要先用 mdadm 命令的 -a 选项添加并变成热备盘，然后使用 -G 选项变更为 raid 5 当中的设备，见如下操作：

# 在 Vmware Workstation 中添加一块 20G 的新硬盘

# 新硬盘被 udev 识别为 sdb
Shell > lsblk -o NAME,TYPE,SIZE,UUID
NAME        TYPE   SIZE UUID
sda         disk    50G
├─sda1      part     1G 8a77104f-8e6c-459c-93bc-0b00a52fb34b
├─sda2      part    47G ae2f3495-1d6a-4da3-afd2-05c549e55322
└─sda3      part     2G 1646e0aa-af19-4282-bbab-219c31a2ab6d
sdb         disk    20G
sdc         disk    20G
└─sdc1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sdd         disk    20G
└─sdd1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sde         disk    20G
└─sde1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sdf         disk    20G
└─sdf1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sdg         disk    20G
└─sdg1      part    20G 055a5edd-17fb-8759-00ab-6da39c386ee4
  └─md5     raid5   40G
    └─md5p1 md      40G 1f394927-b18c-4117-973d-eb9cc90d2da8
sr0         rom   13.2G 2024-05-27-14-12-59-00

# 分区以及格式化
Shell > parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%
(parted) print
Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB               primary

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

Shell > mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 5242368 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: f57a2e54-ba9f-4009-b3cd-eb60eaaafaed
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

# 这块硬盘此时为备用盘
Shell > mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sdb1
mdadm: added /dev/sdb1

Shell > mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
...
    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       65        0      active sync   /dev/sde1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       4       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1

       5       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
       6       8       97        -      spare   /dev/sdg1
       7       8       17        -      spare   /dev/sdb1

# 扩展一块硬盘组建 RAID5
## 一旦你键入这条命令，就会在四块盘上重新生成校验位
Shell > mdadm -G /dev/md5 -n 4
/dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri May 30 21:09:25 2025
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 41904128 (39.96 GiB 42.91 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 20952064 (19.98 GiB 21.45 GB)
      Raid Devices : 4
     Total Devices : 6
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Fri May 30 21:44:42 2025
             State : clean, reshaping
    Active Devices : 4
   Working Devices : 6
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 2

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 32K

Consistency Policy : resync

    Reshape Status : 5% complete
     Delta Devices : 1, (3->4)

              Name : HOME01:5  (local to host HOME01)
              UUID : 055a5edd:17fb8759:00ab6da3:9c386ee4
            Events : 74

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       65        0      active sync   /dev/sde1
       1       8       33        1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
       4       8       49        2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       7       8       17        3      active sync   /dev/sdb1

       5       8       81        -      spare   /dev/sdf1
       6       8       97        -      spare   /dev/sdg1

# 重新生成配置文件
Shell > mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf

还原硬盘环境

Shell > umount /raid5

Shell > echo "" > /etc/mdadm.conf

Shell > mdadm -S /dev/md5

# 输出内容为空
Shell > mdadm -Ds

Shell > shutdown -h now

# 在 Vmware Workstation 将这六块硬盘移除
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